Overview of Social Security: Health Insurance - But How?

For employees, it is usually not a question of how to insure your health. This is different for those who are not automatically covered by their job: self-employed, unemployed minijobbers or students, for example, have different options for health insurance. An overview.

Social insurance job

Anyone who has a fixed, subject to social security contributions Workplace has, must, apart from the Choice the insurer, not to worry much about his health insurance: It runs automatically via the job. Problems usually only appear when you have your professional Status changes:

In return for all other insurance policies, almost everyone has been obliged to have health insurance since April 2007. At the same time, you have to deal with bureaucratic hurdles if you drop out of the “normal” status of a worker.

Self-employed?

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Anyone who wants to become self-employed, for example, has to deal with the question of whether they are legally or privately insured and whether they are full-time or part-time self-employed. And he has to accept that there are minimum contributions in the statutory health insurance. Anyone who is in family insurance may not exceed certain income limits. And who only one Minijob is not insured through it, but has to take care of insurance cover elsewhere.

But who must assure themselves? What are the minimum amounts of statutory health insurance? How does it actually look with minijobs and self-employed independence? And what does the new basic tariff of the private health insurance company bring? stern.de shows the most important points at a glance.

Health insurance for self-employment

Anyone who becomes self-employed can remain in statutory health insurance if they have previously had statutory compulsory insurance for at least twelve months without interruption or for at least 24 months in the last five years. You can also switch to private health insurance. The decision this must fall no later than three months after the end of the insurance obligation. The catch when switching to private health insurance: A return to statutory health insurance is only possible if you become an employee subject to social security contributions before the age of 55.

Anyone who then opts for statutory health insurance must pay a minimum contribution: When calculating this, the health insurance company initially assumes a monthly contribution Income from 3600 euros, which at a contribution rate of 13,9 percent would result in a monthly contribution of approx. 532,80 euros per month. If you can prove a lower income, for example by means of a tax return, which can also be submitted later, the assessment value for the minimum contribution is 1242 euros per month. With a contribution rate of 13,9 percent, the monthly health insurance contribution would be EUR 183,98.

Exception: self-employed artists and journalists active in the general public have to insure themselves through the artist's social insurance and to assess their income there.

Self-employed in the Nebenberuf

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Anyone who has a job subject to social security contributions and only wants to be self-employed on the side does not have these problems: as long as the permanent job is longer Money and also costs more time, social security can simply continue as before; income from self-employment is not taken into account. It becomes problematic when self-employment gains the upper hand in terms of time and finances: Then you have to insure yourself like a full-time self-employed person, with the income from the permanent job being taken into account.

Anyone who has an education or Further Training makes, studies or brings up children and is also self-employed, can obtain health insurance at a reduced rate, provided that he spends less than 18 hours a week on self-employment. The assessment value for the minimum contribution is then € 828,33, with a contribution rate of 13,9% that is € 122,59 per month.

Health insurance during your studies

Students can remain family-insured in the statutory health insurance fund free of charge through their parents or spouse until their second birthday, provided they do not earn more than EUR 2 per month (EUR 355 for a mini-job). to earn. Otherwise, the inexpensive student health insurance is necessary, the contributions of which are the same in all statutory health insurers: health insurance costs 49,40 euros, nursing care insurance for childless students over the age of 23 costs 9,09 euros and nursing care insurance for all other students costs 7,92 euros. BAföG recipients receive a subsidy for health insurance.

In principle, working while studying has no effect on health insurance if the student stays below a certain number of hours. There are also differences as to whether you work during the semester breaks or during the lecture period; Health insurance doesn't care how much is earned as long as you have enough time for it Study hat.

Student health insurance - and then?

The cheap student health insurance can until the completion of the 14. Specialist semester - at the latest until the end of the semester in which the 30. Year of life is completed - be claimed. But: Under certain conditions, it can be extended beyond the aforementioned maximum duration, eg in the case of raising children, prolonged illness or participation in university committees.

If all conditions are fulfilled, some health insurance companies can also remain in student health insurance during a doctorate or a master's degree. Those who no longer meet the conditions for student health insurance, for example because they are working too much or have exceeded the semester or age limit, can voluntarily continue to insure themselves (the conditions are the same as those of self-employed self-employment).

By the way: Students can also be exempt from the statutory obligation to insure themselves and can take out private insurance. But: Liberation can not be revoked. It applies throughout the course and beyond. Only through a job subject to social security can one return to the insurance obligation again. Those who are self-employed or unemployed after their studies, for example, are not allowed to return to the statutory health insurance.

family insurance

In the statutory health insurance family members are insured without their own income for free - both children up to the 25. Birthday as well as for spouses and registered partnerships.

However, the free family insurance ends when you work more than half-time full-time and achieve a total income of over 355 € per month. In the total income are also other income - for example, from capital or a mini-job - to include.

Minijob

However, if it is only a self-employment mini-job, 400 Euro is allowed per month.

In private health insurance, on the other hand, there is no free family insurance, rather a separate contribution must be paid for each family member. A youth or student contribution is paid for children, but there is no limit to the income of the children. If the parents, as civil servants, are entitled to an allowance, the children are also included in the allowance as long as they are still entitled to child benefit.

Health insurance at Minijob

Anyone who carries out a minijob with an income up to 400 Euro is either insured through his main job, through family insurance or voluntarily. Only through the minijob can not be insured as an employee.

It is possible to practice several minijobs simultaneously, but not with the same employer. The merits of all the occupations are aggregated. They may not be over 400 Euro. As soon as the limit is exceeded, social insurance contributions are due for the entire merit and are, for example, expelled from student health insurance.

In addition to an insurance job requiring 400-Euro, only one minijob is possible, which in this case can still be settled by the employer on a flat-rate basis. However, if a number of minijobs are employed in addition to a main occupation, all are aggregated with the main employment and the social insurance is calculated accordingly.

Health insurance in case of unemployment

While receiving unemployment benefit I or II and also entry benefit or during a Further Training, which is financed by the Employment Agency, you are automatically compulsorily insured in the statutory health insurance. Usually it works Insurance with the previous statutory health insurance company, but a change is also possible. The contributions are paid in full by the employment agency or consortium.

Anyone who was not covered by statutory health insurance in the last five years prior to commencement of benefits can be exempted from compulsory insurance in the statutory health insurance fund. In this case, the Federal Employment Agency or the Arge contributes to the private health and long-term care insurance - but only up to the amount of the statutory health insurance contributions.

The insurance starts when the applied for Performance has been approved - in principle retrospectively with the first day of benefit receipt. If the entitlement is suspended, for example due to a blocking period, the health insurance cover only exists from the beginning of the second month. The same applies to privately insured persons for the assumption of contributions. In this case, the unemployed person must ensure that he is insured during this period.

Self-employed persons whose income would fall below the unemployment benefit threshold due to the health insurance contributions will receive an appropriate subsidy to the statutory health insurance scheme.

For whom does the health insurance obligation apply?

Since April 2007, most citizens are obliged to provide health insurance. This applies in particular to those who were uninsured in the meantime but who were once members of a statutory health insurance scheme:

Since April 2007 you have to insure yourself again by law in the statutory health insurance. Even those who have never been in a health insurance company have to take out health insurance. Whether legal or private is generally determined by the last job carried out.

Private health insurance

Whoever has never been in a health insurance company and is only eligible for private health insurance because of his most recent job can assure himself here in the standard tariff: Since July 2007 everyone has to be included in the standard tariff of a private health insurance without health checks and risk surcharges.

Anyone who has already been privately insured (and can not go to the statutory health insurance due to the lack of pre-insurance) can again take out private insurance or stay with the 1.1.2009 without health insurance. Then he has to insure himself there.

Improvements from 2009

From 2009 onwards, the private health insurers will then have to offer a basic tariff that corresponds to today's standard tariff and into which it is also included Peoplewho were ill more often without having to accept risk surcharges. The scope of services of the basic tariff should correspond to that of the statutory health insurance, the premiums must not exceed the maximum rate of the statutory health insurance funds of around 500 euros per month.

In case of need, the basic tariff should be halved. It is also easier to switch from one private health insurance to the other: the aging provisions of the insured are then transferred with a change of the insurance to the extent of the basic tariff.

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