Study Work Living in Italy: Education & Higher Education

To live, to work or at least to in Italy studieren is the dream of many People. But how is the Italian higher education system structured?

The Italian school system

Article 34 of the Italian Constitution of 1948 stipulates that schooling must be compulsory and free for at least eight years. In February 2000, the framework law No. 30 Legge-quadro in materia di riordino dei cicli dell'istruzione was passed to reorganize the school career. With it, compulsory schooling was extended by two years (from the beginning of the sixth to the end of the 15th year of life), in addition, it stipulates that schoolchildren have to take additional occupational educational offers - as part of the Formazione professionale - at least until they are 18. This right to vocational training is enshrined in Article 35 of the Italian Constitution. The regions are entrusted with the implementation, but little generally applicable can be said about the content: Only a few regions have binding standard guidelines for the educational measures, so that timetables and teaching material are mostly provided by the educational institutions, the Istituti di formazione professionale, who are accredited by the regions have been set. It therefore happens that the same educational goal is achieved with different content and duration.

This relatively large autonomy for the regions is new in the Italian education system, since, like the state, it is also more centralized. Since 2000/2001, the Ministry of Education, University and Research (Ministero dell'Istruzione, del'Università e della Ricerca - MIUR) but extensive Competencies to its local and regional representatives: These Uffici scolasti regionali now have far-reaching administrative rights, Organization or in educational matters. Schools can be organized as either half-day or full-day schools. Depending on the type of school, the number of lessons is between 30 and 36, which can be spread over five or six days a week, but a certain amount must be reached (e.g. depending on the Age between 800 and 933 during the primo ciclo, more in the future). The length of the lessons also varies. There must be at least 200 teaching days in a school year, which lasts from September to mid-June (varies depending on the region).

While the curricula or subject objectives are specified by the ministry, the schools can change the timetable, the books, pedagogical Methods and also determine the performance tests (apart from the state tests, see below) yourself. These exams are usually held every three or four months, and those who do not meet the class target can repeat the school year.

Unfortunately, especially in Italian school education, there is a wide gap between theory and practice: An example of this may be the quality of foreign language teaching, which depends to a large extent on the competence of the teacher. Primary school teachers in particular are generalists who either take on languages, mathematics or social sciences. You need a university degree (diploma di laurea) to teach. Secondary school teachers also have to attend a two-year Scoula di specialisazzione and then specialize in a particular subject.

In order to improve the quality of teaching and the overall education system, a number of reforms have been carried out in recent years and are still ongoing. The fact that some areas were reformed twice at the same time may primarily be related to the political situation: For example, with the framework law of 2000 mentioned above, a seven-year unified school was created instead of the Primo Ciclo. However, this model was reversed by the Reform Act No. 53 of 2003. This reform includes further changes, which, however, will only be promoted gradually by decrees. After all, the first decree concerning primary schools was issued in January 2004.

The Italian school career

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