Minijob pension insurance Health insurance Family insurance: Does the renunciation of insurance exemption?

"400 EUR jobs" or so-called mini-jobs are also called "mini-jobs". For them there is freedom of insurance in the social security system, at least for the employee. That means: You get for one Minijob no more than 400 euros per month. Those who get more work from a so-called midi job.

The insignificance limit

The German Social InsuranceSystem is tricky: While it's at the tax total earnings for the year are concerned, social security contributions are deducted monthly. Ergo, mini-jobs are also about what you earn per month - and not for the whole year.

A slightly salaried employment occurs if the de minimis limit of 400 EUR is not exceeded regularly in the month. The average weekly working time has not been limited since April 2003.

Employment exercised for vocational training is not a low-paid job, even if it earns earnings below 400 EUR. A marginally paid employment exists even if this is the first sideline activity.

Several minijobs at once

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However, several slightly paid jobs are aggregated, so the earnings add up to 400 Euro. If more is earned, it is called the Midijob (up to the limit of 800 Euro, the main employment and a second, third, fourth, etc.), but this last rule is probably more theoretical.

How much can the merit be from the minijob?

In the case of a Minijob or 400 Euro Job, your gross wage may not exceed 400 Euro in the calendar month. If you also get Christmas or holiday money, they are allocated proportionally to all calendar months:

If you work 5 months and get 100 euros Christmas bonus, you are only allowed 380 euros per month to earn.

Average salary with the same salary

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No problem if you do the same thing every month salary have. Now it often happens, especially with mini-jobbers, that this Income fluctuates because, for example, you do different jobs or have different earnings.

Then the average earnings for 12 months are calculated: If the 400 is €, then do not make a minijob. The following applies: If your job as a whole is a minijob, months with higher income than 400 € remain social insurance-free.

Twice a year you can earn more

If, on the other hand, the minijob center finds that it is not a minijob, the months with lower income are also subject to social insurance.

But: For two months in a calendar year, the income may be unexpectedly more than 400 euros - for example, if you suddenly have to stand up for a colleague. Even if you earn more than 4800 Euro throughout the year, your entire job as a mini-job will remain social insurance-free.

When will the minijob go to Midijob?

If you exceed the income limit and the job loses mini-job status as a result, your income will be reduced from this month - and only then! – compulsory insurance. Then the midi jobs apply firstRegulate.

However, if there is at least one month break between her minijob and the midijob, both can be seen as separate occupations: Your minijob would still be a minijob and he other job eg a separate activity.

Mini Job and Family Insurance

If you are family-insured and still have a minijob, you may be covered under certain circumstances. Actually, with the family insurance the income limit is with 365 Euro, but for Minijober it is increased to 400 Euro.

However, the basic condition for this is that the spouse is a member of a statutory health insurance.

You can not stay in family insurance if:

• the spouse is privately insured
• You have other income in addition to the 400 Euro (eg interest income from a savings account, leasing, independent income)

Family insurance via the parents

Up to the age of 18 (even longer during vocational training or studies, up to a maximum of up to your 2nd birthday) you can also have family insurance through your parents. If the age limits for the Insurance However, if the parents are exceeded and you are not married, the option expires.

Which income counts?

For family insurance it is not the gross income that counts, but the “total income” - that is the sum of the income according to the income tax law, i.e. only after deducting the advertising costs.

Therefore it can useful be to forgo the lump-sum taxation for a 400-euro job and instead use the income tax card to settle income-related expenses: only then can income-related expenses be deducted. The employee's lump sum of 920 euros per year alone reduces the monthly salary by 76,66 euros, as far as the question of family insurance is concerned. Slight excesses from other types of income can be compensated for.

Voluntary insurance

If you do not stay in family insurance and you are not covered by a main occupation, unemployed, pensioner or student, you need to inquire about the possibility of voluntary insurance. However, this costs approximately 120 Euro per month (including long-term care insurance).

sick pay

However, you are not entitled to health insurance for the 400 Euro Job. Therefore, if you are unable to work for more than six weeks, you will not have an income tax exemption.

Minijob, health insurance and unemployment benefit

The employment agency takes care of the unemployed Health insurance. You are considered unemployed until you work no more than 15 hours a week.

If an unemployed person now accepts a minijob for 400 Euro per month, he is not, by any means, insured and annuity insured.

Attention 15 hour limits

In this case, the Federal Employment Agency will continue to pay contributions to health insurance. However, this only happens until the person concerned works no more than 15 hours a week.

If this 15 hour limit is exceeded in the week, the mini-jobber is no longer considered unemployed - and the employment agency does not take over the health and pension insurance. It may then be possible to apply for supplementary unemployment benefit.

Account of the merit

There is also a further shortcoming: The merit from the minijob is in any case calculated on the unemployment benefit.

Insurance in the pension insurance

With Minijobs you can now do without the insurance coverage in the pension insurance. In this case, the employee is deducted from his salary contributions. Employers are responsible for flat-rate salaries for health insurance, pension insurance and tax.

With the mini-job calculator of the Minijob headquarters, you can calculate how much employees are paid out net in a mini-job or how much the expenses are for the employer.

Mini-job and pension insurance

In the case of these employment conditions, the employer is the sole contributor to the flat-rate pension and health insurance contributions.

15 percent flows into the pension insurance. That's why mini-jobbers are not among the eligible people who can riester. But everyone knows: private old-age provision is in need and the sooner the better. For this reason, the legislature also offers mini jobbers the opportunity to benefit from the state-subsidized Riester pension.

Mini-jobbers can waive their freedom of insurance: In this case, they voluntarily increase their contribution to pension insurance to the current contribution rate of 19,9 percent. Now they can conclude a Riester pension and have their contract sponsored by the state with 154 Euro annually.

Riester pension and mini job

So that Money flows, you have to put four percent of your annual income subject to social security contributions, minus the allowances, on the high edge. For students with a mini-job, this means they pay the minimum monthly fee of five euros. - Also received Boy Since the beginning of 25, people under the age of 2008 have been given a one-off career starter bonus of EUR 200.

Important for students is the flexibility in the Riester: A contract adapts to the respective circumstances, so the amount of contributions can be changed at any time. Even a suspension of payments is nothing contrary. - In the long run, a Riester saver benefits from the compounding effect, of course, the longer the contract runs.

Why is it worthwhile to get upstairs?

Especially students need a lot of time before their Vocational Training completed. The increase allows them to start acquiring full insurance periods in the statutory pension insurance earlier. And the time factor is important: Because only those who either work until the age of 67 or pay into the pension insurance for 45 years receive a full pension. Those who retire earlier have to accept deductions: 0,3 percent per month.

And there is something else in favor of increasing the contributions: there is a right to a disability pension. In the case of an accident, the legal limit of earning limit applies to new entrants immediately. But the situation is different when it comes to reduced earning due to illness. Only when a career starter has paid contributions for five years is he entitled to a pension payment. Thus, as with the Riester, the sooner the better.

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